Physics Calculators cover constant-acceleration motion, mechanical energy, contact forces, springs, mass and weight, waves and radioactive decay. Each page answers one class of problem, recalculates live, and shows the substituted formula beside the result rather than returning a bare number. Shared constants (standard gravity, wave speeds, isotope half-lives, friction coefficients) come from one reference file so the same g or the same carbon-14 half-life never appears with two different values on two pages.
The set is built for coursework and quick technical checks: enter the known quantities, read the unknowns, and see which equation or rearrangement produced them.
Start with the quantity you need to find
Motion problems belong on different pages depending on whether the unknown is the full SUVAT set or a single variable. Energy, mass and force tools follow the same rule: open the page named for the quantity being solved, not a neighbouring topic that happens to share a formula.
Motion problems that supply any three of displacement, initial velocity, final velocity, acceleration and time belong on the Kinematics Calculator, which selects the SUVAT equation that fits. When the unknown is specifically final velocity, displacement or acceleration, the matching single-variable page owns that solve path and the one conceptual topic tied to it (speed versus velocity, displacement versus distance, or deceleration and g-forces).
Energy splits the same way. Kinetic energy is ½mv². Gravitational and elastic potential energy share a page that also owns the reference-height discussion and energy conservation between PE and KE. Work connects force and displacement to energy change. Mass-energy equivalence sits on its own E=mc² page for rest-mass conversion at human scale.
Forces, friction and momentum
Contact forces and momentum change sit in four linked tools. Friction uses μN, impulse equates FΔt with mΔv, Hooke's law solves F = −kx, and mass recovers kilograms from density, from F/a, or from weight and g. Each page keeps its own worked numbers.
Friction force is μ times normal force, with material-pair presets and an incline mode that uses N = mg cos θ. The Impulse and Momentum Calculator equates FΔt with mΔv and shows that N·s and kg·m/s are the same SI quantity. Hooke's law solves F = −kx for force, stiffness or displacement inside the elastic limit. Mass can be found from density and volume, from F/a, or from weight and g, and that page owns mass versus weight plus the planetary surface-gravity table.
These four tools share the mechanics engine family. They do not repeat each other's worked examples. Friction's 10 kg block at μ = 0.8 and impulse's 50 N over 0.2 s stay on their own pages.
Waves and radioactive decay
The Wavelength Calculator solves v = fλ with medium presets for light and sound, including 343 m/s in air at 20 °C. It labels electromagnetic bands and visible colours from wavelength. The Half-Life Calculator applies exponential decay, converts half-life to mean lifetime and decay constant, and loads isotope presets from carbon-14 through tritium.
Photon energy E = hf uses Planck's constant from the same reference file as the wave speeds. Radiocarbon examples use the 5,730-year half-life stored for carbon-14, not a rounded substitute.
How the numbers are produced
Every calculator pulls constants from the shared physics reference: standard gravity 9.80665 m/s², speed of light, Planck constant, friction coefficient pairs, surface gravities, wave medium speeds, EM band edges, visible colour ranges and isotope half-lives. Engines are pure functions; the page displays the breakdown steps the engine returns.
Over-specified input is checked when the UI allows extra fields. If three SUVAT values determine the motion and a fourth disagrees, the tool says so. The same consistency idea appears on impulse when both FΔt and mΔv are entered.
Scientific notation in the 3.45e9 form is accepted on numeric fields because physics values span many orders of magnitude.
Chemistry and electrical tools nearby
Molecular weight, molarity and the ideal gas law ship beside this hub, as do resistor and voltage-drop tools. They share the same reference file for atomic weights and wire data, but they are not inventory of the physics collection page itself.
Three chemistry calculators (molecular weight, molarity, ideal gas law) and two electrical tools (resistor colour codes and voltage drop) ship in the same build programme. They use the same reference file for atomic weights, gas-constant unit sets and AWG data. The electrical hub stays held until more tools join it; the chemistry pages sit thin until dilution and related stoichiometry pages land.
A BTU sizing tool lives under construction calculators, not here, because it sizes cooling plant from room geometry rather than teaching a physics relation.
Frequently asked questions
Which calculator solves SUVAT problems?
Use the Kinematics Calculator when any three of s, u, v, a and t are known and the rest must be found. Use Velocity, Displacement or Acceleration when the unknown is fixed and you want the page that owns that variable's teaching points.
Where is mass versus weight explained?
On the Mass Calculator. Mass is invariant; weight W = mg changes with surface gravity. The Moon, Mars and other bodies use the surface gravity table from the reference file.
Do these tools show the working?
Yes. Each result includes the substituted steps from the engine (known values, equation, substitution, result). That is intentional: competitors in this niche often return only the final number.
Are the friction coefficients exact?
No. They are approximate dry-surface values that vary with finish, moisture and contamination. The Friction Calculator states that on the page; treat presets as starting estimates.
What half-life does carbon-14 use?
5,730 years, from the isotope table in the physics reference. Mean lifetime is about 8,266.6 years. Remaining quantity after two half-lives is one quarter of the initial amount.
Is standard gravity 9.81 or 9.80665?
Calculation uses 9.80665 m/s² exactly. Prose may say 9.81. Local gravity on Earth varies slightly; other planets use the tabulated surface g values.
Can I enter values in scientific notation?
Yes. Use the 3.45e9 form with no spaces around the e. Outputs can render in the same style when magnitudes are large or small.
Summary
This category groups motion, energy, mechanics, waves and decay calculators around shared reference data and engines that show their working. Pick the page by the quantity you need to find. Kinematics owns equation selection for constant acceleration; mass owns mass versus weight; friction, impulse and Hooke's law cover contact and spring forces; wavelength and half-life cover waves and exponential decay.
Constants come from one file so every page agrees on g, c, μ pairs and isotope half-lives.